山东省2～6岁儿童甲型肝炎疫苗接种率调查分析

Analysis on Coverage of Hepatitis A Vaccine among Pre-school Children in Shandong Province

目的了解在甲型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis A Vaccine,HepA)纳入国家免疫规划前,山东省2～6岁儿童接种情况,为完善HepA免疫策略提供参考。方法对全省2～6岁儿童HepA接种情况进行抽样调查,HepA接种史通过查阅预防接种证/卡,或通过家长回忆获得。结果共调查1128名2～6岁儿童,其中接种≥1剂HepA者占78.90%;接种率随年龄增长而降低,各年龄组HepA接种率差异有统计学意义(x2=11.54,P=0.02);男童和女童HepA接种率分别为77.67%和80.30%,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.17,P=0.28)。HepA接种率东部地区高于中、西部地区,经济水平较高地区高于经济水平中等和较低地区,差异均有统计学意义(x2分别为27.25,58.17;P均<0.01)。结论山东省要加强儿童HepA常规免疫,特别是中、西部地区和经济欠发达地区;同时应适时开展学龄前儿童HepA查漏补种。

Objective To reveal the hepatitis A vaccine （HepA） coverage among pre-school children in Shandong province before Hepatitis A vaccine was introduced to the EPI and to provide evidence for improving the strategy for hepatitis A control. Methods A cross-section survey was conducted among children aged between 2 and 6 years old in Shandong province in March 2008. The study population was selected by random sampling method and HepA immunization history was obtained by immunization record or recall. Results 78.90% had received one dose of HepA at least. The coverage rate decreased with age and the differences in three age groups were statistically significant （x^2=1l.54, P=0.02）. The coverage rates among the boys and girls were 77.67% and 80.30% respectively, the difference was not significantly（x2=1. 17, P=0.28）. The HepA coverage rates among the children living in the eastern areas and in the richer areas were higher than the centrale and western areas and poverty areas, the difference has statistic significance （x^2=27.25, 58.17, P〈0.001）. Conclusion The HepA routine immunization should be enhanced, especially in central and western areas and a HepA catch-up campaign should be conducted among the pre-school children in Shandong province.