饮水砷暴露对儿童视觉简单反应时及联合型瑞文IQ值的影响

Effects of Exposure to Arsenic through Drinking Water on Simple Visual Reaction Time and IQ of Combined Raven's Test in Children

目的探讨饮水砷暴露对儿童视觉简单反应时和联合型瑞文IQ值的影响。方法于2006年4月选取内蒙古某砷暴露地区相邻3个村的9～11岁学龄儿童为调查对象,3个村的饮水砷浓度分别为0.16mg/L(0.16mg/L砷暴露村)、0.09mg/L(0.09mg/L砷暴露村)和小于0.05mg/L(对照村),检测视觉简单反应时和联合型瑞文智力测验IQ值。结果0.16mg/L砷暴露村儿童的视觉简单反应时中平均、最慢和最快反应时间与对照村比较均明显延长,其中0.16mg/L砷暴露村女童的平均、最慢和最快反应时间与对照村比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);0.16mg/L砷暴露村10岁儿童的平均和最慢反应时间与对照村比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0.16mg/L砷暴露村女童的联合型瑞文智力测验IQ值显著低于对照村(P<0.05)。结论0.16mg/L的水砷暴露可对儿童智力发育产生一定影响,女童对砷智力的损伤更为敏感。

Objective To explore the intellectual effects of arsenic in drinking water on children. Methods Intellectual effects were evaluated by computer-based reaction time and Combined Raven＇s Test. Children aged 9 to 11 years living in three villages of Inner Mongolia were investigated in April, 2006. The arsenic concentrations in the drinking water of the three villages were 0.16 mg/L, 0.09 mg/L and less than 0.05 mg/L （control group）. Results The mean, fastest and slowest visual reaction time of children exposed to the high levels of arsenic through drinking water were longer than those of children in control. The differences of mean, fastest and slowest visual reaction time between girls exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic and control were significant; the differences of the mean and slowest visual reaction time between 10-year old children exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic and control were significant. IQ of girls exposed to 0.16 mg/L arsenic was significantly lower than that in control. Conclusion Intellectual function of children can be affected by arsenic in drinking water, and the intellectual effects of arsenic on girls are more obvious.