室内降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征分析

Characteristics of Phthalate Esters Pollution in Indoor Settled Dust

目的了解邻苯二甲酸酯在室内环境中的污染状况。方法分别选取北京地区10户家庭住宅、10间办公室和10间学生宿舍进行室内降尘取样,采用高效液相色谱法测定降尘中的7种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物,利用非参数检验进行统计分析。结果室内降尘中主要存在邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二环己酯(DCHP)污染,其中DEHP的含量范围为28～6073mg/kg,是检出浓度最高的物质。对不同类型房间进行比较,发现家庭住宅邻苯二甲酸酯污染最严重,办公室次之,学生宿舍污染最小。Kurskal-WallisH检验分析表明在这3种房间类型中,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、DEHP和DCHP浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析表明,DBP与BBP、DBP与DCHP之间均存在正相关关系(P<0.05),但相关关系并不密切(r<0.5)。结论家庭住宅中DEHP污染较为严重,应引起重视。

Objective To investigate the pollution of phthalate ester in indoor environment. Methods Settled dust samples from 10 households, 10 offices and 10 student dormitories in Beijing were collected. Seven kinds of phthalate esters in these samples were determined with solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography （SPE-HPLC） .Dates were analyzed statistically by nonparametric tests. Results The main phthalate esters in dust were di （2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP）, dibutyl phthalate （DBP） and dicyclohexyl phthalate （DCHP）. Of phthalate esters, DEHP with the range of 28-6 073 mg/kg had the highest concentration in indoor dust. The total level of phthalate esters in households was the highest, offices followed, student dormitories was the last. The Kurskal-Wallis H test showed that the concentrations of BBP, DEHP and DCHP in dust were significantly different in 3 types of rooms （P〈0.05）. Spearman＇ s correlation analysis showed that significantly positive correlations were found between DBP and both BBP and DCHP （r〈0.5, P〈0.05）. Conclusion DEHP pollution in household environment is heavy. It should be taken into account.