鞘磷脂与细胞生长、凋亡调控

Spingomyelin and cell growth,apoptosis regulation

鞘脂分子包括鞘磷脂（ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｍｙｅｌｉｎ）和鞘糖脂（ｇｌｙｃｏｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｌｉｐｉｄ）两大类。它们不仅是维持细胞膜结构的重要组分，而且它们的代谢产物参与了细胞的生长、分化和凋亡等重要生理活动。１－磷酸鞘氨醇（ＳＰＰ）和神经酰胺（ｃｅｒａｍｉｄｅ）是两类重要的代谢产物，它们通过活化或抑制蛋白激酶、磷酸酶、离子通道，传递细胞生长和凋亡的信号。在细胞内，它们的作用是拮抗的，细胞的生与死往往取决于哪一种作用占了主导地位。本文就鞘磷脂的结构与代谢。

Sphingolipids include sphingomyelins and glycosphingolipids. They are important components of membrane structure.Their metabolites participate in cell differentiation, cell growth and apoptosis.Sphingosine 1phosphate (SPP) and ceramide were two important metabolites. They transduce signals for cell growth and apoptosis by activating or suppressing protein kinases, phosphatases, calcium channels. Their effects are contrary and their interactions may determine whether a cell survives or dies. The structure, metabolism, mechanism of signal transduction of SPP and ceramide and their applications in diseases are reviewed.