在役历史建筑砌体承重墙抗震性能试验研究

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SEISMIC BEHAVIORS OF LOAD-BEARING MASONRY WALLS IN IN-SERVICE HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURE

某些在役历史建筑中,承重的砌体墙是主要的抗侧力构件,其抗震性能对于结构整体的地震反应有很大的影响。在这些建筑中,由于块体和砂浆的强度一般较低且经过长时间的风化作用,砌体承重墙的抗震性能需要进行专门的研究。为此,从与某在役历史保护建筑兴建年代、使用材料相同的历史建筑修缮施工现场获取砖块,并采用古建筑用石灰砂浆制作受压试件和墙体试件,进行了材料力学性能试验和墙体伪静力试验。对墙体试件的破坏模式、滞回耗能、刚度退化情况等进行了讨论。采用经过检验的力学性能参数,应用计算机仿真方法拓展了试验结果,对墙体的抗震性能进行了分析。指出了在役历史建筑中砌体承重墙的特点。所使用的方法和得到的结论对于深入探讨在役历史建筑的抗震性能具有一定的参考价值。

Load-bearing masonry walls resist most of the lateral loads in some in-service historical architecture. And the earthquake responses of the structures of these architectures are strongly affected by the seismic performances of the load-bearing walls. Because the blocks and mortar are of low-strength and have experienced long time of environmental effects, the seismic behaviors of the load-bearing masonry walls should be investigated specially for these architectures. A series of experiments were designed and carried out, in which the tested blocks were obtained from an old building undergoing retrofit. The age and constructional material of the old building are same with that of an in-service historical protective architecture. Compressive test specimens and wall panel specimens were prepared using these blocks and lime mortar. The ingredients of the lime mortar are same with that used in ancient architectures. Material tests and pseudo-static tests were then performed. The damage models, hysteretic energy dissipation and degradation of stiffness of the wall specimens were discussed. Through parameter calibration, a computer model was established to perform seismic analysis of the masonry wall. And the characteristics of load-bearing masonry walls of in-service historical architectures were presented. The proposed methods and results can be referred in further researches on seismic behaviors of in-service historical architectures.