公司化的组织与家族化的运作——基于中国私营企业的实证研究

Corporatization of Organizational Form and Familization of Organizational Operations——An Empirical Study Based on China's Private Enterprises

2000年以后,60%以上的中国私营企业开始采用公司化的组织形式,并且内部治理结构也日趋规范化,但是,中国私营企业股权的集中化、决策的集权化、管理职位的家族化并没有发生根本的转变。私营企业在选择公司化组织的同时仍然采用家族化的运作,并没有出现真正意义上的"公司革命"和"管理革命",这一现象至今没有引起学界足够的重视。中国私营企业的公司化并不完全是企业成长所致,也不是制度变迁获取收益的需要,本质原因则是私营企业家追求合法化的需要;而私营企业在公司化过程中仍然采用家族化的运作则是在缺乏制度信任的环境下降低交易成本的需要。事实上,在中国社会的许多领域,正式制度往往都具有象征性特征,而实际运作则可能与正式制度相矛盾。

After the year 2000, more than 60% of China＇s private enterprises have adopted corporate form and it＇s internal governance structure been going to an normal form increasingly. But China＇s private enterprises still use family-style operations and management and have not arisen the real ＂corporational revolution＂ or ＂managerial revolution＂ resulting in the coexsistence of corporatization from familization form. This paper argues that the fundamental corporatization motivation of China＇s private enterprises is to pursue legitimate identification while the family-style management phenomenon derives from the need to reduce transaction cost in the absence of institutional trust.