利用X射线衍射光谱研究丝织品的老化

Research on the Silk Aging with X-Ray Diffraction Spectra

中国考古出土的丝织品数量大,种类丰富,是中国古代文化遗产的重要组成部分,但由于丝蛋白易于降解老化的材料特性,有许多保护问题需要研究解决。对古代丝织品老化程度、老化特征的分析检测有助于了解丝织品的保存状况,并可为保护方法的选择与改进提供帮助。文章通过X射线衍射分析对丝织品老化特征及结晶度的变化进行了研究。样品为经光老化、热老化和水解老化的白色丝织品和出土于湖北、陕西、内蒙古、青海的古代丝织品。X射线衍射分析结果表明,X射线衍射分析可以揭示丝织品的老化作用过程和老化特征,以及相应结晶度的变化,对于出土古代丝织品保存状况及老化机理的研究来说具有实用价值。同时还可为了解古代染织工艺的发展提供信息。

The present paper did some researches on the deterioration mechanism and the changes in crystallinity of silk fabrics by means of the X-ray diffraction analysis. The samples artificially aged and excavated from Hubei, Innerrnongolia, Shaanxi and Qinghai provinces were analyzed. The artificial aging was done by simulating three main natural aging factors： light, heat and hydrolysis. The analytical results show that X-ray diffraction analysis could reveal the aging process and characteristic of silk, as well as the changes in crystallinity during silk aging. The X-ray diffraction analysis is of practical value for the conservation state and aging mechanism studies of ancient silk. In addition, X-ray diffraction analysis could also provide important information on ancient technology of textile and apparel.