液氮浅低温冷冻对家兔皮肤黑素细胞组织学和超微结构的影响

Effects of superficial hypothermic cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen on histology and ultrastructure of cutaneous melanocyte in rabbits

目的: 评价液氮浅低温冷冻疗法对家兔皮肤黑素细胞组织学和超微结构的影响。方法:用棉签蘸液氮对实验组家兔进行浅低温冷冻实验,观察冷冻后皮肤组织的组织学和超微结构变化。结果:实验组冷冻2-3周后局部皮肤逐渐出现色素沉着,组织学显示表皮及毛囊上皮增厚,黑素颗粒弥漫分布,黑素细胞数目显著增多,真皮浅层毛细血管扩张充血,数目增多,毛囊周围尤为明显,与对照组对比有显著性差异。透射电镜见黑素细胞体积增大,内质网和游离核糖体明显增多,线粒体分布较密集,腺腔明显扩大,胞核周围有较多不同阶段的黑素小体,以Ⅱ和Ⅲ期为主。结论:液氮浅低温冷冻疗法能刺激表皮和毛囊的黑素细胞和新生毛发生长,为临床治疗斑秃和白癜风提供有力的理论依据。

Objective： To evaluate the impact on melanocyte in rabbit skin after superficial hypothennic cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. Methods： After superficial hypothennic cryotherapy on the skin of rabbits with liquid nitrogen was performed, the histological and uhrastructural changes of the rabbits were observed and compared with the control group. Results： Hyperpigmentation developed gradually and were widespread on the skin. Histologically the epidermis and hair follicle epithelium were marked thickened. The distribution of melanin granules spread widely, and the number of melanocyte was increased strikingly. The upper dermal capillaries were expansive and congestive. the number of capillaries was increased, particularly around hair follicles. There was a significant difference when compared with control group. Uhrastructurally melanocyte vohane, endocytoplasmic reticulum and ribosome were increased obviously and the distribution of mitochondria was concentrated. Glandular cavity was significantly expanded. There were many melanosomes of different mature .stage around the nucleus, mainly in Ⅱ and Ⅲ phase. Conclusion： Superficial hypothermal cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen can stimulate epidermis and hair follicle melanocytes and the growth of newborn hairs, which forms the theoretical basis for the clinical use in the treatment of al- opecia areata and vitiligo.