崀山丹霞地貌区野生藤本植物区系与生长特性分析

Analysis on floristic and growth features of wild liana in "Danxia" geomorphological area of Langshan Mountain

采用线路与样方相结合的调查方法,对崀山丹霞地貌区野生藤本植物区系的种类组成及重要类群进行了调查,并根据调查结果对该藤本植物区系的分布区类型、生活型、叶质和叶级及生长特性和群落形成因素进行了分析。结果显示,崀山丹霞地貌区有野生藤本植物41科75属131种,其中蕨类植物和裸子植物各有1科1属1种,被子植物有39科73属129种;在被子植物中,双子叶植物有34科68属121种,具有明显优势。比较重要的科有蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)、葡萄科(Vitaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)、防己科(Menispermaceae)和卫矛科(Celastraceae),重要属有铁线莲属(ClematisL.)、蔷薇属(Rosa L.)、猕猴桃属(ActinidiaLindl.)、南蛇藤属(Celastrus L.)、葡萄属(VitisL.)、蛇葡萄属(Ampelopsis Michaux)和地锦属(Parthenocissus Planch.)。该藤本植物区系含有12个分布区类型,具有明显的热带属性,热带分布属占总属数的66.19%,东亚分布和东亚-北美间断分布类型在该藤本植物区系中也有重要作用。在该藤本植物区系中,高位芽、地上芽、地面芽、地下芽和1年生草本植物的比例分别为78.63%、8.40%、5.34%、6.87%和0.76%,并且以缠绕类的数量占优势,缠绕类、卷曲类、吸固类和搭靠类藤本植物的比例分别为51.91%、21.37%、15.27%和11.45%;叶质以纸质叶为主,占83.21%;叶级谱为中型叶35.88%、小型叶55.72%、微型叶7.63%、鳞型叶0.76%。调查结果表明,崀山丹霞地貌区野生藤本植物类型十分复杂,具有完整的生活型谱,区系组成具有地带性植被——亚热带常绿阔叶林的特征;在崀山丹霞赤壁上由藤本植物和苔藓、矮小草本植物组成的盖度较大的藤本植物组合已经成为一个生态功能单位,形成了一个新的藤本植物植被类型。

Using combining methods of line and quadrat,species composition and important taxa of wild liana flora in ＂Danxia＂ geomorphological area of Langshan Mountain were investigated,and according to investigative results,distribution types,life-form,leaf quality and leaf-size class,growth features and community formation factors of the wild liana flora were analyzed. The results show that there are 131 species of liana belonging to 75 genera and 41 families,in which pteridophyte and gymnosperm each have 1 species,1 genus and 1 family,and angiosperm has 129 species belonging to 73 genera and 39 families. Dicotyledon has 121 species belonging to 68 genera and 34 families with an obviously dominant position in angiosperm. The important families include Papilionaceae,Vitaceae,Rubiaceae,Menispermaceae and Celastraceae,and the important genera include Clematis L. ,Rosa L. ,Actinidia Lindl. ,Celastrus L. ,Vitis L. ,Ampelopsis Michaux and Parthenocissus Planch. The liana flora contains twelve distribution types,in which tropical composition genera are 66.19% of total genus number with an outstanding tropical property. And East Asia and East Asia-North America disjuncted distribution types have an important role in the liana flora. In the liana flora,the percentage of phaenerophyte,chamaephyte,hemicryptophyte,geophyte and therophyte is 78.63%,8.40%,5.34%,6.87% and 0.76%,respectively,among which twinning liana predominates,and the percentage of twinning,curling,hooking and adhering liana is 51.91%,21.37%,15.27% and 11.45%,respectively. The leaf quality of the liana flora is mainly chartaceous-leaved with a percentage of 83.21%,and the percentage of leaf-size is mesophyll 35.88%,microphyll 55.72%,nanophyll 7.63% and leptophyll 0.76%. It is suggested that in ＂Danxia＂ geomorphological area of Langshan Mountain,the type of wild liana is very complicated and the life-form spectrum is also complete,and the floristic composition has the character of zonal vegetation—subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. The liana plant combination consisting of liana,bryophytes and small herbs with a higher coverage has form an ecological functional unit and can be regarded as a new vegetation type on the ＂Danxia＂ red cliffs in Langshan Mountain.