中国城市环境治理制度及其体系

On Urban Environmental Treatment Systems in China from Macroscopical Perspective

经过30多年的实践和探索,中国创立了环境保护目标责任制、环境"城考"制度、城市创建制度等城市环境治理制度。环境保护目标责任制是城市政府和排污单位对环境质量负责的行政管理制度。环境"城考"制度是通过实行定量考核,对城市政府在推行城市环境综合整治中的活动予以管理和调整的一项环境监督管理制度。城市创建制度则包括创建国家卫生城市、创建环保模范城市、创建生态城市、创建绿化城市、创建森林城市、创建园林城市等一系列治理措施。这些制度初步形成了具有中国特色的宏观城市环境治理制度体系。

Through more than 30 years of practice and exploration,a series of urban environmental treatment systems such as goal and responsibility system of environmental protection,mensurable examination system of urban environmental comprehensive renovation,and urban foundation system have been founded in China.Goal and responsibility system of environmental protection was a administration system that urban municipal government and blowdown units took the responsibility for environmental quality.Mensurable examination system of urban environmental comprehensive renovation was a environmental supervisor management system that managed and adjusted urban municipal govemment activities which carrying out urban environmental comprehensive renovation through quantitative check. Urban foundation system included a series of administration measures as founding healthy urban, exemplary urban of environmental protection, ecological urban, forestation urban, garden urban etc.. These systems have formed preliminarily the macroscopic urban environment administration systems which bear Chinese characteristic.