汉日关闭义动词对比研究

Comparative Research Between Chinese and Japanese Languages on the Notional Verb of"Close"

汉日关闭义动词都有"关门"的用法,该用法可以看作共时层面上的基本义。"关门"的动作过程可以分解出[+使受事发生状态变化]、[+使受事与其它部分重合]、[+施加约束]和[+行为的结果产生阻断功能]4个语义特征。汉语动词"关"、"掩"和日语动词"しめる"、"とじる"、"とざす"都具有表示"关门"的用法,另一方面又各自侧重不同的语义特征。

The notional verb of ＂close＂ in both Chinese and Japanese languages share a common usage,which is shown in ＂＇close the door＂. This usage can thus be seen as the basic notion on the synchronic level. Four semantic features can be identified in the action of ＂closing the door＂ , namely changing the condition of the object, overlapping the object and others, setting limits and control, and producing hindering result. This thesis explores into two Chinese verbs“ 关” and “掩” as well as three Japanese verbs 「しめゐ」「とじゐ」「ときす」 showing that although the notional verbs of ＂close＂ in Chinese and Japanese have the same usage as in ＂close the door＂, they show difference in semantic features.