情、事、理三种统系——王葆心文章发展史观研究

Three systems of emotion,events,reason——Research on Wang Baxin's idea of the developmental history of ancient writings

近代著名学者王葆心的《古文辞通义》体系周备,广征博引,融贯己意,对古代文章学理论具有某种集成意义。王氏从古代文体分类切入,归纳出述情、纪事、说理三种统系以展示古代文章发展轨迹。说理文远祖《易》,近宗庄周;述情文远祖《诗》,近宗屈原;纪事文远祖《书》、《春秋》,近宗《左传》、《史记》。三统之中,述情、说理或盛或衰,而纪事文"适中常存,不昌亦不衰"。两汉至清初,文章发展呈三统平排、侧注交替递进之迹,汉文三统平排,魏晋六朝侧注于述情;唐文三统平排,宋至清初侧注于说理。其中,东汉、中唐为迁转之关纽。清代桐城派兴起后,文坛由唐宋文派(方、姚)而汉魏六朝文派(刘开、曾国藩、阮元等),进而周秦诸子文派(龚自珍、魏源),"如倒啖蔗境而备衍之"。中国古代学术、文章同源,学术之影响于文章,有迹可循,如东汉至六朝,卜(子夏)、荀之学盛则马、杨之述情文派兴;宋至清初,曾、孟之学盛则董(仲舒)、刘(向)之说理文派兴。清代文派递进亦与学派同步,实乃宋代以来文坛侧注说理风尚的必然趋势。

Gu Wen Ci Tong Yi （Interpretations of Ancient Dictions ） by modern famous scholar Wang Baoxin boasts of a complete system, extensive citations, personal insight, and above all an integration of ancient theories on writing. His research starts with a classification of ancient styles, then sums up the 3 systems expression of emotion, narration and argumentation to reveal the development of ancient works. Shining examples are listed： I Ching （Book of Changes） and treatises by ZhuangZhou for argumentation, ＂Poetry＂ and poems by Qu Yuan for emotional expression, Shu （Chronicle） , the Spring And Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan and Shiji for records of events. Of the three systems, the first two have prospered and declined while the third remain steady. From Han to Qing dynasties, the three systems had a smooth progression with alternating leading and varying emphasis. After the rise of Tong Cheng literary school in the Qing Dynasty, the literary world had experienced 3 schools respectively characteristic of Tang-Song style, Han-Wei style and Zhou-Qin style. Academic research and essays had the same origin, and we can find the influence of the former on the latter in almost every historic period. Adequate citations and exemplifications are offered in this paper to confirm the proposition.