广州地区首次参加无偿献血人群HCV感染的流行病学调查

Seroepidemiological studies of HCV among first-time volunteer blood donors in Guangzhou,China

目的了解广州地区首次参加无偿献血人群HCV的感染状况。方法抗-HCV检测采用酶联免疫吸附实验(使用2种不同厂家的试剂盒),HCV RNA检测采用荧光定量PCR法,ALT检测采用速率法。结果2004—2007年在广州血液中心首次参加无偿献血的559890名献血者中,1617名经双试剂检测抗-HCV阳性,阳性率为0.289%。随机选取435名双试剂检测抗-HCV阳性血液标本进行RNA检测,266名阳性,占61.15%,男女(P<0.01)HCV RNA阳性率有统计学意义(P<0.01)。266名抗-HCV检测阳性献血者中,ALT升高(>40U)的为18名(其中男性17名),不合率为6.77%,男女ALT的不合格比有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论随着无偿献血的开展,献血人群中HCV的阳性率不断下降;不同性别的个体清除HCV的能力不同,女性高于男性。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of HCV infection among first-time volunteer blood donors recruited during 2004--2007 in Guangzhou. Methods Anti-HCV was detected using two different third-generation EIA kits. HCV RNA was detected using fluorescent quantitat;on polymerase chain reaction （Q-PCR）. ALT was detected by the speed rate method. Results A total of I 617（0. 289% ） were positive for anti-HCV with two kits. Among them, 435 were selected randomly for HCV nucleic acid amplification by Q-PCR, and 266（61.15% ） were HCV RNA （ ＋ ）. The HCV RNA（ ＋ ） rate was significantly higher in males than in females （66.89% vs 49. 30% , P 〈0. 01 ）. Among the 266 HCV RNA （ ＋ ） donors, 18 showed abnormal ALT level （ 〉40 U）. The abnormal ALT rate was higher in males than females （8.67% vs 1.43% ） ,without any statistical difference （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion The anti-HCV（ ＋ ） rate among blood donors in China reflects a steady decreasing tendency, owing to the current recruitment of exclusively volunteer donors. Spontaneous clearance of HCV was more likely to occur in females than males.