查菲埃立克体和人单核细胞埃立克体病研究进展

Progress in the study of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis

埃立克体病是由埃立克体属微生物引起的一类人兽共患急性传染病,其特征为高热、头疼、贫血、白细胞减少、消瘦和黄疸等。查菲埃立克体是埃立克体属中代表性的蜱媒人畜共患病病原体,对人、畜均有较强致病性,在人体引起人单核细胞埃立克体病(HME)。本文较为全面地总结了查非埃立克体和HME的病原学、流行病学、临床表现、诊断和防治等方面的研究进展。

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a coccal,gram-negative,zoonotic,pathogenic bacterium.It is obligately intracellular and cycles mainly through the tick-deer cycle.It can infect humans and cause human monocytic ehrlichiosis.E.chaffeensis is transmitted primarily by the lone star tick,or Amblyomma americanum,and is maintained in nature by persistent infection of the white-tailed deer.Ticks acquire E.chaffeensis infection by feeding on infected deer,maintain the infection transtadially as the tick molts from stage to stage,and then infect other susceptible mammalian hosts.E.chaffeensis infection was first discovered in 1986.Its main symptoms are fever and headache,and presenting patients have a mild to severe illness.Knowledge of this pathogen is extremely scant.It is hard to culture,so it is difficult both to diagnose and research.This review has summarized the progress of the study of E.chaffeensis and human monocytic ehrlichiosis in terms of its etiology,epidemiology,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prevention.