论我国刑法中的具体—抽象危险犯——从交通肇事逃逸行为的处罚根据入手

On the Concrete-Abstract Potential Damage Offense in Chinese Criminal Law——from the Foundation of Punishment on the Escape after Causing Traffic Casualties

具体—抽象危险犯理论的出现是刑法理论实质化倾向的体现之一。以交通肇事后逃逸行为为例,其可罚性既不是建立在作为加重情节的基础之上,也不是建立在妨害事故责任认定的基础之上,而是被害人因为行为人的行为而处于不能自我支配的危险之中。行为人基于保证人的地位而负有防止被害人的处境进一步恶化的作为义务,这才是逃逸行为的可罚性基础。只有被害人存在着被进一步损害的危险、需要被救助时,才应当惩罚行为人的逃逸行为。从这一立场出发,可以得出逃逸行为属于具体—抽象危险犯的结论:对于逃逸犯罪的成立,虽然不需要具体的危险性结果的出现,但是应当允许对不存在危险进行反证。

The appearance of concrete-abstract potential damage offense is a trend of substantializing criminal law. In the case of the escape after causing traffic casualties, it is not aggravating circumstances or hindering the cognizance of liability, but bringing the victim into the danger of being without self-mastery, to be punished for. The behavior, also as the guarantor, is responsible for preventing the situation of the victim from worsening, which should be considered for punishment in hit-and-run traffic. The escape should be punished only when the victim is still in danger and so needs rescue. From this standpoint, it can be concluded that the escape belongs to the so-called concrete-abstract perilous crime in criminal law, so when establishing the escape after causing traffic casualties, although concrete danger is not essential, disproving nonexistent danger should be permitted.