试论清代东北流人对宁古塔的文化贡献

Comments on Cultural Contribution to Ningguta Made by Northeast Exiles in the Qing Dynasty

流人,是因罪被徙者。东北自古为朔风凄寒之地,所以清初统治者把这里作为流放地。在东北不胜枚举的流放地中,边陲重镇宁古塔尤为"声名远播",流放到此的流人不计其数。他们当中不乏有名臣良吏、文化名人。他们自带书籍、传播文化,设馆授徒、教书育人,热衷创作、写诗赋文,结社自娱、切磋诗文,创作剧本、上演戏剧,此外还改变当地落后的风俗习惯。他们的文化活动最终使曾为文化荒漠的宁古塔变成了"说教敦师之国"。

The ＂exiles＂ mentioned in this paper refers to convicts sent to the northeastern China, where the environment was very tough and desolate. Of the numerous exile places, the city of Ningguta at the Sino-Russian border was particularly famous, for a large number of celebrities, ranging from politicians to literatuses, lived there in exile. These celebrities carried books to the place and spread the excellent culture by setting up schools and recruiting students. They also wrote articles and poems. What is more, they composed lots of plays and later these plays were put on all around. In addition, they revolutionized the local corrupt customs. In a word, the wild Ningguta was ultimately turned into a civilized place through various activities by all these celebrities.