经乙状窦后锁孔入路的显微解剖学研究

A microscopic anatomy study of the retrosigmoid keyhole approach

目的对经乙状窦后锁孔入路至岩斜区进行显微解剖学研究，为临床应用提供解剖学依据。方法采用6具（共12侧）经10％甲醛溶液固定的尸体头颅标本，模拟经乙状窦后锁孔入路，显微镜下观察所显露的解剖结构。结果通过凋整头位和显微镜角度，经乙状窦后锁孔入路可显露同侧三叉神经、面神经、听神经、后组颅神经、脑桥腹外侧面、小脑半球外侧面、小脑前下动脉、椎动脉、小脑后下动脉等。结论经乙状窦后锁孔入路符合微创原则，可良好显露岩斜区重要解剖结构。

Objective To observe the microscopic anatomy structures of petroclival region via the retrosigmoid keyhole approach, then provide an anatomic basis for clinical application. Method Six adult cadaveric heads fixed by 10% formaldehyde solution were used for simulating the retrosigmoid keyhole approach to observe major microscopic anatomy structures. Results By means of adjusting the microscope, structures such as the ipsilateral trigeminal nerves, cranial nerve, acoustic nerve, posterior nerves, anterior and lateral pons, lateral cerebellar hemisphere, anterior inferior cerehellar artery, vertebral artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery were exposed via this keyhole approach. Conclusion This retrosigmoid keyhole approach is according with the minimally invasive principle, and represents a reasonable option for accessing the petroclival region.