宁夏中部干旱区玉米种植保护性耕作及覆盖措施研究

Study on protective tilling and plastic mulching technique to maize planting in the drought zone of middle Ningxia

对3种不同耕作方式及覆盖方式下的玉米田间土壤含水量和温度进行研究．结果表明，保护性耕作土壤平均含水量（0～80cm）比传统耕作增加．前期，传统耕作＋地膜覆盖和免耕＋地膜覆盖处理土壤平均含水量最高，后期逐渐下降．玉米生育期内，传统耕作＋秸秆覆盖、起垄＋地膜覆盖、起垄＋秸秆覆盖、免耕和免耕＋秸秆覆盖处理平均含水量均比传统耕作有所提高．地温（5～25cm）的变化在苗期表现明显，传统耕作＋地膜覆盖、免耕＋地膜覆盖和起垄＋地膜覆盖处理均提高地温，分别提高2．6，2．0，1．0℃．其他保护性耕作地温均低于传统耕作，免耕＋秸秆覆盖温度最低，比传统耕作低2．1℃．生育后期，各处理地温逐渐降低并趋于一致．虽然苗期免耕和秸秆覆盖等保护性耕作降低地温，免耕地表板结不利于出苗，但从整个生育期看，保护性耕作和覆盖措施能充分利用天然降水资源，使土壤含水量增加，促进了玉米生长发育，增产效果明显．

Study on field experiment the adoption of 3 kinds of different conservation tillage, mulching pattern and traditional tillage of soil moisture, temperature and maize yield affect. The results showed that the film was higher than the latter in soil moisture content （0-80 cm）, In the early stage of traditional farming ＋ plastic film mulching and no-tillage ＋ plastic film mulching on the average soil water content in the highest, the latter gradually decreased. At the corn seedling stage, corn booting stage, corn floweringmaturing stage, traditional farming ＋ straw mulch, ridge ＋ plastic film mulching, ridge ＋ straw mulch, no-tillage, no-tillage -k straw mulch average water content than no-tillage to high. Geothermal （5-25 cm） for the changes of the performance of traditional farming ＋ plastic film mulching and no-tillage＋plastic film mulching high-temperature processing at seedling stage, respectively, 2.6 ℃, 2.0 ℃ and 1 ℃. Other conservation tillage ground temperature is lower than traditional farming, no-tillage ＋ straw mulch the lowest temperature, lower than that of the control 2.1 ℃ ; after corn booting stage, the treatment and the gradual lowering of temperature and line. Although the seedling stage of no-tillage and straw mulch, such as conservation tillage to reduce temperature and no-tillage compaction surface is not conducive to seedling growth. However, throughout the growth period, conservation tillage and mulching pattern make full use of natural resources in the precipitation to increase soil moisture to promote crop growth and development, yield of maize were improved.