农村中小学教师工作压力之应对策略的访谈研究

Interview Study on the Coping Strategies for the Work Stress of Rural Elementary and Secondary School Teachers

通过半结构化深度访谈的方法,对吉林省某地区10名农村中小学教师进行访谈研究。目的在于了解农村中小学教师工作压力的自我应对策略及对学校、社会的期望。研究发现:农村中小学教师采取的压力应对策略包括回避压力情景、放松情绪、接受责任、认知调控、情绪宣泄、问题解决以及寻求社会性支持等;通过优化学校管理、监督政策落实以及争取社会、家长的理解与配合等,将有助于缓解农村教师的工作压力。由此可以看出,农村教师能自发采取一定的压力应对策略,但缺乏自觉性与科学性,亟需予以指导。同时,缓解教师的工作压力需要社会、学校、教育管理部门以及家长的通力合作。

Through semi-structured depth-interviews,10 rural primary and secondary school teachers from a certain region in Jilin Province were interviewed to explore self-coping strategies of work stress taken by teachers in rural primary and secondary school,as well as their expectations to school and society of dealing with work stress.The study shows that coping strategies taken by rural teachers include avoiding stress situation,emotional relief,accepting responsibility,cognitive regulation,catharsis,solving problem and seeking social support.And Optimizing management of school,supervising policy implementation as well as gaining understanding and cooperation of parents and society will be helpful to ease rural teachers′ work stress.So here comes the conclusion: Rural teachers can take some strategies to cope with work stress by themselves;however,their use of strategy lacks awareness and scientific nature.Therefore,it is important to give them proper guidance on this aspect.To ease teachers′ work stress,joint efforts among society,schools,parents and Education Management are very important.