中国典型地带土壤原生动物:Ⅱ生态学研究

SOIL PROTOZOA IN TYPICAL ZONES OF CHINA: Ⅱ. ECOLOGICAL STUDY

研究了中国典型地带土壤原生动物生态学。结果表明，在各典型地带中，凋落物层原生动物的年平均现存量以温带（吉林长白山）和暖温带（北京小龙门）的为最大，北热带（云南西双版纳）的次之，中热带（海南尖峰岭）的最小；０～５ｃｍ土壤层的原生动物年平均现存量以暖温带和北热带的为最大，亚热带（武昌珞珈山）和温带的次之，高寒带（青海海北）和中热带的最小。各地带各样点凋落物层的原生动物现存量均大于０～５ｃｍ土壤层的。从丰度来看，在原生动物三大类群中，肉足虫现存量最大，鞭毛虫次之，纤毛虫现存量最小。各地带各样点的原生动物丰度高峰一般都出现在夏季。回归分析结果表明，土壤含水量、温度、ｐＨ值和有机质、总氮、总磷及总钾含量对土壤原生动物丰度均有显著影响。

The ecology of soil protozoa in 6 typical zones (middle torrid zone——Jianfengling, Hainan; northern torrid zone——Xishuangbanna, Yunnan; subtropical zone——Luojiashan, Wuhan; warm temperate zone——Xiaolongmen, Beijing; temperate zone——Changbaishan, Jilin and high frigid zone——Haibei, Qinghai) in China were studied. The average annual standing crops of protozoa in litters in temperate zone and warm temperate zone were the highest, then was that in nothern torrid zone, and the lowest was the one in middle torrid zone. The average annual standing crops in 0～5 cm soil layer in warm temperate zone and northern torrid zone were the highest, then were those in subtropical zone and temperate zone, and the lowest were the ones in high frigid zone and middle torrid zone. The standing crop of protozoa in litter was higher than that in 0～5 cm soil layer. Among the 3 groups of soil protozoa, the standing crop of amoebae was the highest, then was that of flagellates and the lowest was the one of ciliates. The seasonal or annual abundance dynamics of soil protozoa in the typical zones were studied. The abundance summit of protozoa arised generally in summer. The results of regression analyses showed that water content, temperature, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in soil influenced greatly the abundance of soil protozoa.