用螺旋藻替代鱼粉对仿刺参生长及其体组成的影响

Effects of dietary fish meal replacement by different levels of alga Spirulina meal on growth performance and body composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

研究了在配合饲料中用螺旋藻Spirulina meal替代不同比例（0％、25％、50％、75％、100％）的鱼粉对仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus生长及其营养组成的影响。每组设3个平行，仿刺参初始体重为（3．40±0．15）g，投喂期为28d。饲养结果表明，各组仿刺参的成活率较高（98．33％～100％），组间没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。饲料中用螺旋藻替代鱼粉的量为25％时，仿刺参的增重率和特定生长率最大，显著高于其他各组（P〈0．05）；用螺旋藻替代鱼粉的量超过25％时，仿刺参的增重率和特定生长率与全鱼粉组没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。饲料中用螺旋藻替代鱼粉的量对仿刺参壁体比及全参营养组成（蛋白质、脂肪、水分和灰分）没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。以上结果表明：仿刺参对植物蛋白源螺旋藻具有较好的利用率，但从仿刺参的生长效果来看，建议鱼粉和螺旋藻按3：1的比例搭配为好。

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by different levels of alga Spirulina meal on growth performance and body composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The sea cucumber （initial body weight of 3.40 g ±0.15 g） were cultured in indoors fiberglass tanks and fed five isonitrogenous diets formulated with fish meal replaced by Spirulina meal at five inclusion levels of 0,25%, 50% , 75% and 100% with triplication for 28 days. High survival （98.33% - 100% ） was observed with no significant differences among treatments （ P 〉 0.05 ）. However, the maximal weight gain （WG） and specific growth rate （SGR） were found in the sea cucumber fed the diet containing the fish meal replaced by 25% the alga meal （P 〈 0.05） and there was no significant differences among other treatments （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There were no significant differences in whole body composition of the sea cucumber among treatments （ P 〉 0.05 ）. For the composition of body wall, the maximum crude lipid level was observed at 100% inclusion level of the alga meal, significantly higher that in the 50% inclusion level （P 〈 0. 05 ） ,indicating that the alga meal was used as protein sources, and the formulated diet containing fish meal replaced totally by the alga meal did not show adverse effects on growth performance. But, considering ideal nutrient balance and especially reasonable essential amino acid ratio, the dietary ratio of fish meal to the alga meal 3： 1 could result in better growth performance for the sea cucumber.