川西亚高山不同植被类型土壤贮水与入渗性能试验

Experimental on soil storage capacity and infiltration capability under different vegetation types in the Subalpine of Western Sichuan

为川西亚高山不同植被类型水源涵养效益评价与林分结构合理配置提供科学依据,对亚高山不同植被类型土壤贮水及入渗性能进行研究。结果表明：1）9种植被类型土壤0-30 cm土层滞留贮水量具有极显著差异,变化在363.2-691.1 t/hm^2之间,从大到小排序为原始冷杉林（691.1 t/hm^2）〉云杉林（687.6 t/hm^2）〉落叶松林（659.8 t/hm^2）〉针阔混交林（656.3 t/hm^2）〉灌丛（631.8 t/hm^2）〉针叶混交林（620.8 t/hm^2）〉农田（592.2 t/hm^2）〉刺槐林（393.36t/hm^2）〉荒地（363.2 t/hm^2）。2）根据土壤入渗性能可将9种植被类型分为4类——云杉林、针阔混交林为第1类,入渗性能极强;落叶松林、针叶混交林2个植被类型为第2类,入渗能力强;原始冷杉林、灌丛为第3类,入渗能力较强;刺槐林、荒地、农田3个植被类型为第4类,入渗能力差。3）采用Kostiakov入渗模型反映不同植被类型土壤入渗过程,方程拟合度R2在0.894-0.984（P〈0.01）之间,拟合效果较好,表明该模型可以较好地描述不同植被类型土壤入渗过程。

In order to provide scientific basis for evaluating water conservation benefit and allocating stand structure,research of soil water storage capacity and infiltration capability of different vegetation types was carried out in the subalpine region of western Sichuan.The results showed that： 1） The non-capillary water capacity in the 0-30 cm soil layer of the different vegetation types has significant differences,ranged from 363.2 to 691.1 t/hm^2,and in the descending order of which is primitive fir（691.1 t/hm2）,spruce plantation（687.6 t/hm^2）,larch plantation（659.8 t/hm^2）,coniferous and broad-leaves mixed forests（656.3 t/hm^2）,shrub community（631.8 t/hm^2）,conifer mixed forests（620.8 t/hm^2）,crop land（592.2 t/hm^2）,locust plantation（393.36 t/hm^2）,bare land（363.2 t/hm^2）.2） The tested different vegetation types could be classified into four groups,based on soil infiltration capability.The first group,including spruce plantation,coniferous and broad-leaves mixed forest had the strongest soil infiltration capability,and the second group with a stronger soil infiltration capability was composed of larch plantation and conifer mixed forests.The primitive fir and shrub community were classified into the third group with a relatively strong soil infiltration capability,while locust plantation,bare land and crop land belonged to the fourth group.3） The Kostiakov model was used to reflect the soil infiltration of different vegetation types,whose fitting degree is from 0.894 to 0.984（P〈0.01）,and shows that it is suitable to describe the soil infiltration process of different vegetation types.