鸡西矿区采石废弃地植被恢复技术

Vegetation restoration technology of stone pit wasted lands of Jixi Mining Area

以鸡西矿区采石废弃地为研究区,采取客土、保水剂、营养袋等栽培方式进行造林,选择樟子松、兴凯赤松、中国沙棘、紫穗槐和小叶锦鸡儿等树种进行植被恢复。结果表明:1)客土栽培方式下,中国沙棘成活率最高,达95.2%,平均高度(179.1 cm)、冠幅(130.6 cm)和盖度(65.3%)均为最高,林下土壤全N、水解N含量最高,分别为1.97 g/kg和294.01 mg/kg,有机质含量为0.91%;樟子松成活率为67.3%,平均高度为70.5 cm,但土壤全N、水解N和有机质含量均为最低,分别为0.45 g/kg、52.36 mg/kg和0.46%;兴凯赤松和紫穗槐成活率分别为64.1%和50.1%,小叶锦鸡儿成活率仅有9.4%。2)在不同栽培方式中,保水剂栽培方式对兴凯赤松影响最大,成活率达85.3%,比对照提高103%,林下土壤N、P、K和有机质含量都有很大程度的提高,有机质和水解N含量分别是对照的2.6和3.1倍;营养袋栽培方式对樟子松影响最大,成活率达88.3%,成活率和高生长分别比对照提高116%和23%,土壤有机质、全N和水解N含量分别是对照的1.8、1.8和1.4倍。3)保水剂和营养袋栽培方式可有效增加林下草本植物数量和盖度。

In order to provide a comprehensive theoretical and technological approach for vegetation restoration on stone pit wasted lands,three measures（soil dressing,water retention agent（WRA）,and nutrition bags） were selected and compared,also the effects of them on enhancing the growth of tree species（Mongolian scotch pine,Pinus densiflora var.ussuriensis,Chinese seabuckthorn,Amorpha fruticosa,Caragana microphylla） were analyzed.The result showed that： 1） the survival rate of Chinese seabuckthorn was 95.2%,higher than that of Mongolian scotch pine（67.3%）,Pinus densiflora var.ussuriensis（64.1%）,Amorpha fruticosa（50.1%） and Caragana microphylla（9.4%） in the foreign soil treatment.According to mean height,crown width and coverage,the growth status of Chinese seabuckthorn was the best,179.1 cm,130.6cm,65.3% respectively.And the total N,hydrolysable N concentration of its soil under the soil dressing treatment was 1.97 g/kg and 294.01 mg/kg respectively,the organic matter content was 0.91%.The mean height of Mongolian scotch pine was 70.5 cm,but the total N,hydrolysable N concentration and organic matter content of its soil was 0.45 g/kg,52.36 mg/kg and 0.46% respectively.2） Compared to contrast group,WRA could improve the survival rate and height growth of Pinus densiflora var.ussuriensis significantly,increased 103% and 22% respectively.And its organic matter content and hydrolysable N of soil was 2.6 and 3.1 times of control group＇s respectively.The survival rate and height growth of Mongolian scotch pine planting with nutrient bags increased 116% and 23% respectively,and its organic matter content,total N and hydrolysable N of soil was 1.8,1.8 and 1.4 times respectively comparing to control group.3） The planting way under water retention agent and the nutrition bag may also increase the underbrush quantity and the degree of cover effectively.