西双版纳热带森林地区不同生境蜜蜂的物种多样性研究

Species diversity of bees in different habitats in Xishuangbanna tropical forest region

本文研究了西双版纳热带森林地区不同生境蜜蜂的物种多样性。共鉴定蜜蜂总科５科、２２属、７７种。８个生境的物种丰富度指数ＤＭＡ的取值范围在１９１４～７８７７之间，多样性指数Ｈ′的范围是０６０８～１３９８，均匀度指数Ｊｓｗ为０７１６～０９５６，其中保护区、雨林和灌丛拥有较高的物种丰富度指数和多样性指数，橡胶林的最小，而均匀度指数以曼养广龙山最大，农田最小。根据不同生境物种的相似性系数Ｃ进行系统聚类，８个生境在相似性系数０１６９的水平时全部聚合在一起。傣族龙山在保持雨林的蜜蜂物种多样性中可以起一定的作用，但很有限，且当龙山面积越小，受人为干扰越严重时，物种多样性的损失就越大。雨林一旦被开垦为橡胶林或农田，雨林中原有的许多蜜蜂将会消失，物种多样性显著减少。

The species composition and diversity of bees in eight different habitats of the tropical forest region in Xishuangbanna were studied. 77 species, belonging to five families and 20 genera, were recognized. The diversity measurements of bees in different habitats showed that values of species richness indexes DMArange from 1.914 to 7.877, species diversity indexes H′ range from 0.608 to 1.398, and evenness indexes Jsw range from 0.716 to 0.956 Based on similarity coefficients C in table 3, eight habitats can be clustered at the level of 0.169 with the systematic clustering. Holy Hills of Dai nationality play a limited role in the conservation of bee species in rain forest, which is affected by the decreasing areas of Holy Hills and human disturbance. If the tropical rain forest is exploited for cultivation, many species of bees in the rain forest will disappear and will be substituted by some species of relatively extensive distribution. Number of species will be significantly decreased.