试论木兰植物门的一级分类——一个被子植物八纲系统的新方案

ON PRIMARY SUBDIVISIONS OF THE MAGNOLIO PHYTA ——TOWARDS A NEW SCHEME FOR AN EIGHT CLASS SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION OF THE ANGIOSPERMS

近年来，植物比较形态学、化学分类学、古植物学、分支系统学和分子系统学研究的结果，对传统上将被子植物分为单子叶和双子叶植物两大群的一级分类提出了挑战，怀疑这样的分类是否能反映被子植物内部的主要进化趋势。我们认为分类必须建立在谱系关系上，以表示其自然系统。在早白垩世结束之前，其中有一次被子植物大辐射，有８条主传代线似已明显出现。根据林奈阶层系统，我们以“纲”级来命名这些传代线以显示被子植物内部的主要进化趋向，虽然某些“纲”是并系类群。我们不否认，我们是进化系统学家，并系类群可以作为一个自然类群来命名而被接受。这８个纲列述如下：木兰纲、樟纲、胡椒纲、石竹纲、百合纲、毛茛纲、金缕梅纲、蔷薇纲。在本文中，每个纲只举其所包含的主要的科，至于纲间的系统关系，以及纲内的分类系统，有待进一步研究。

The current subdivision of the angiosperms into two major groups, the dicotyledons and the monocotyledons, whether at the rank of class or subclass, is greatly challenged by more and more evidence from comparative morphology, chemotaxonomy, paleobotany, cladistics and molecular systematics. It becomes clear that this primary subdivision is conventional rather than natural. We stressed in this paper that the system of classification of the angiosperms should be as much as possible based on the geneaological relationships of major groups. It seems apparent that eight principal lineages appeared by the end of the Early Cretaceous when the one of the major radiation of the angiosperms occurred. By using the Linnean hierarchy, these lineages are named at the rank of class in order to reflect major evolutionary trends within the angiosperms. As evolutionary systematists, we accepted ‘paraphyletic’ groups as natural in this scheme. The eight classes are as follows: Magnoliopsida(including Degeneriaceae, Himantandraceae, Magnoliaceae, Winteraceae, Canellaceae, Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae, Austrobaileyaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Annonaceae, Myristicaceae, Hydropeltidaceae, Cabombaceae, Nupharaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Barclayaceae, Ceratophyllaceae), Lauropsida(including Amborellaceae, Trimeniaceae, Monimiaceae, Gomortegaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lauraceae, Calycanthaceae, Idiospermaceae, Chloranthaceae), Piperopsida(including Aristolochiaceae, Saururaceae, Piperaceae, Lactoridaceae), Caryophyllopsida(including Caryophyllaceae, Molluginaceae, Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Halophytaceae, Stegnospermataceae, Achatocarpaceae, Phytolacaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Cactaceae, Portulacaceae, Didiereaceae, Basellaceae, Hectorellaceae), Liliopsida(including the families of Liliopsida sensu Takhtajan(1997)), Ranunculopsida(including Ranunculaceae, Lardizabalaceae, Sargentodoxaceae, Menispermaceae, Circaeasteraceae, Nandinaceae, Berberidaceae(incl. Ranzaniaceae), Leonticaceae, Podophyllaceae, Hydrastidaceae, Glaucidiaceae, Paeoniaceae, Pteridophyllaceae, Papaveraceae, Hypecoaceae, Fumariaceae, Nelumbonaceae), Hamamelidopsida(including Trochodendraceae, Tetracentraceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Eupteleaceae, Myrothamnaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Platanaceae), and Rosopsida(including the families of Rafflesianae, Balanophoranae, Hamamelididae p.p., Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Cornidae, Lamiidae, Asteridae sensu Takhtajan(1997)). Principal families in each class are discussed here. Further study is needed to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among and within the classes.