行政性垄断、外资进入与市场排斥——从壳牌收购统一石油事件谈起

Administrative Monopoly,Foreign Capital Entry and Market Foreclosure——Shell Acquisition of Tongyi Petroleum

石油行业是一个资本和技术高度集中的行业,石油从来与政治有着紧密的联系,其特点为石油行业实行产业一体化和垄断提供了理论依据。中国的石油市场就是在这样的理论基础上实行了由"两大"集团高度垄断的特殊市场,由此形成的石油产业上下游一体化的制度安排,导致了民营石油企业举步维艰,对行业的健康发展和社会总福利构成伤害。事实上,在WTO条件下的,维持石油产业的行政垄断成本巨大,这种格局对中国未来的能源安全、经济安全乃至经济发展无疑会产生极大的负面影响。根据产业组织理论,在WTO环境下我国应该打破行政垄断,实行以追求社会福利最大化为目标的产业政策。

The petroleum industry is a capital and technology-intensive industry, and petroleum has always been closely related to politics. This feature provide theoretical basis for industrial integration and monopoly in the industry. On this basis, the Chinese petroleum market has become a special one highly monopolized by the ＂ Big Two＂-PetroChina and Sinopec, forming institutional arrangements of vertical integration in the industry, causing difficulties for private oil companies, and harming the healthy development of the industry and overall social welfare. As a matter of fact, maintaining administrative monopoly under the WTO regime is highly costly, bringing about a massive negative impact on China＇s future energy security, economic security and even economic development. According to theory of industrial organization, China should break through administrative monopoly and pursue an industrial policy aimed at maximizing social welfare under the WTO regime.