论新闻自由的限制——以新闻自由与司法独立之间的平衡为视角

On Constraints on Press Freedom: From a Perspective of the Balance Between Press Freedom and Judicial Independence

新闻自由作为一项基本权利与司法独立之间冲突的本质是公民权利与公权力之间的冲突。美国、德国和日本在新闻自由与司法独立的具体界限上有着较丰富的实践,其包括对新闻自由的行为限制和结果限制两方面。其中,行为限制又分为信息限制、报道限制和评论限制;结果限制不仅是对新闻自由限制的最后一道防线,也是行为限制中有权机关自由裁量的重要基准。

Abstract： The conflict between judicial independence and press freedom is intrinsically the conflict between citizen right and public power. In USA, Germany, Japan and Taiwan region, it is experienced to set boundaries between press freedom and judicial independence, containing limitation on the behavior and consequences. Constraints on behavior include information, reporting and comment limitation. Consequences restrictions are not only the last defense line for press freedom, but also an important benchmark of discretionary power of competent authority.