从平等社会到国家

From Equal Society to State

在当代文化演进理论当中,塞维斯(Elman R.Service,1915-1996)与弗里德(Morton H.Fried,1923-1986)的理论可以说是两座丰碑。讨论原始社会,研究文明起源,国际学者无人不知道他们的学说。遗憾的是,在中国学术界,虽然由于文明起源研究的热烈,大家开始有了了解他们理论的迫切愿望,能够看到的比较有分量的相关文章,却是少而又少,尤其是关于弗里德学说的著述。其实,弗里德的理论在当代文明起源研究当中,影响应该说并不下于塞维斯的学说。我们这篇文章讨论弗里德的理论,就是希望由此引起中国学者的注意,以期有助于中国文明与国家起源以及原始社会演进的研究。

In the evolution theories of modern civilization,those of Elman R.Service and Morton H.Fried are two milestones.International scholars use their theories to research the primitive society and the origins of civilization.In China,despite the hot debates and strong desires concerning those theories,there are few important articles in this field,those concerning the theory of Morton H.Fried in particular.But in fact,Fried＇s theory is as influential as that of Service in terms of the research of the origins of civilization.The article is written to draw attention of Chinese scholars in the hope that it will be helpful for the research concerning Chinese civilization,its state origin and the evolution of its primitive society.