中西方古代“性善论”比较研究

A Comparative Study on Chinese and Western Ideologies of Good Nature

本论文以中国古代儒家思想(以孔子和孟子为代表)和西方古希腊三杰(苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德)的人性思想中的"性善论"为研究对象,说明两者在唯心主义色彩、重义轻利的立场以及在重视人性的后天培养等几个方面的相似性;同时,作者还认识到,由于文化差异,双方在诸多方面又存在不同,主要表现为中西方在历史上占主导地位的人性观不同、在人性培养的方法认识上的差别、人与人之间关系的差异等。

The present paper studies the similarities and differences between the ideologies of good nature in Chinese ancient Confucianism and Western culture, with Confucius and Mencius as the representatives of the former and Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle of the latter. As to＇ their similarities, the author found that both ideologies valued justice highly above benefit, stressed the cultivating of human nature, and were idealist in essence. The author also found that due to their cultural backgrounds, the two ideologies varied in their dominating views of human nature, beliefs in the ways to cultivate human nature, and understandings of interpersonal relations.