过热蒸汽与稠油之间的水热裂解实验

EXPERIMENT OF AQUATHERMOLYSIS REACTION BETWEEN HEAVY OIL AND OVER-HEATED STEAM

高温水热裂解实验一般都是在稠油与高温高压热水间进行,而过热蒸汽与稠油间的水热裂解反应目前尚无研究。为了展开此项研究,在调研的基础上设计了一种可变体积的高温高压反应釜替换定体积反应釜,实现了稠油过热蒸汽下的水热裂解实验。通过该设备实验研究了不同温度、不同含水量条件下过热蒸汽对稠油水热裂解的影响规律。实验结果表明,原油与过热蒸汽之间发生了明显的水热裂解反应。进一步分析可知,水热裂解反应后,原油黏度降低,饱和烃与芳香烃增加,胶质、沥青质含量降低,原油中的碳原子含量降低,氢原子含量明显增加,硫原子含量减小。随着含水量的增加,反应后原油的黏度先减小后增加,含水量为30%时,原油黏度最小。

High temperature aquathermolysis is generally carried out between heavy oil and hot water with high pressure,but the aquathermolysis reaction between over-heated steam and heavy oil is hardly studied.In order to conduct this research,based on investigation,a high temperature and high pressure autoclave whose volume is changeable is designed to substitute for the autoclave whose volume is fixed,so the aquathermolysis of heavy oil in over-heated steam is achieved.By means of the equipment,the influence of over-heated steam on heavy oil aquathermolysis under the condition of different temperature and different water content is studied.Result shows there is an apparent aquathermolysis reaction between crude oil and over-heated steam.Further analysis demonstrates after aquathermolysis reaction,oil viscosity reduces the amount of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons increases,resin and asphaltenes decrease,carbon atom content in crude oil decreases,hydrogen atom content increases greatly and sulfur atom content decreases.As water content increases the crude oil viscosity decreases firstly,then increases after reaction.When water content is 30%,the viscosity is the lowest.