当代道德教育中的两难困境及其超越

The dilemma and transcendence of moral education in the contemporary era

德育的本质在于育德,目的在于成人。人创造了道德,道德与人须臾不可分离,只有从人而不是从道德本身出发去看待道德教育的作用和存在的理由,才是科学的德育目的论。道德教育既要防止对人作抽象化的理解与臆想性的附会,避免出现道德教育中的浪漫主义;又要防止纯粹的实证主义与客观主义对人的机械"分割"与僵化"肢解",避免出现道德教育中的虚无主义。道德教育必须回归到以实践为基础的人的不断生成的世界中,对现实的道德生活给予"恰当的阐释"与"同情的理解",以促成意义感的生成,从而实现对真实、完整、丰富的人的积极关注。

The essence of moral education is to cultivate morality, and its aim is to pro- mote the development of human beings. Since people created morality, morality couldn＇t be divided from human any more. Only based on the standpoint of human being instead of mo- rality, could we understand functions and reasons for the existence of moral education, which is the scientific teleology of moral education. On one hand, moral education should avoid abstract understanding and surmise of human, others it will lead to romanticism of mor- al education; on the other hand, it should avoid pure positivism and objectivism that would separate human mechanically and disintegrate human rigidly, or it will result to nihilism of moral education. Then moral education should return to the sustainable world of promoting the development of human beings on the basis of practice, and give proper interpretation and sympathetic understanding to the real moral life so as to enable one＇s formation of meaningful sense, realizing the active concentration on the real, complete and experienced human.