青藏高原岩浆岩成因研究:成果与展望

A review of genesis study on magmatic rocks of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: achievements and remaining problems

青藏高原是国际地学界公认的大陆动力学研究的天然实验室。岩浆是地球各层圈之间物质和能量交换的重要载体。岩浆岩及其所携带的深源岩石包体被当作探究地球深部的"探针"和"窗口",同时也是板块运动与大地构造事件的记录。主要讨论青藏高原岩浆岩成因(特别是岩浆成因)研究的成就与存在的问题。首先阐述了关于青藏高原岩浆岩成因研究的基本思路。然后重点回顾了青藏高原岩浆岩成因研究的成果,包括冈底斯同碰撞花岗岩类的成因、钾质—超钾质火山岩的成因、埃达克质火成岩的成因、强过铝质花岗岩的成因、印度洋/特提斯地幔地球化学域的成因、与地幔柱活动有关的岩浆岩的成因,以及对"地球深部岩石的直接标本"的研究。最后提出了对今后青藏高原岩浆岩成因研究的展望。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a well-known natural laboratory on the study of continental dynamics for all the international geosciences community. Magmas are important carders for transferring mass and heat among the Earth＇s sphere layers. Igneous rocks and the carrying deep-seated rock exclusions can be considered as ＂probe＂ and ＂window＂ to help us understanding the interior part of the earth, and they are records for plate movement and geo-tectonic events. The paper has reviewed the studies on the origins of the igneous rocks, especially the generation and evolution of magmas, including both the achievements and the remaining problems. The origins of various igneous rocks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were discussed, respectively. Those include the Linzizong volcanics, the syn-collisional Gangdese granitoids, the potassic-uhrapotassic volcanics, the adakites and adakitic rocks, the strong peralumiuous granites, the mantle phime-related igneous rocks, the lower crustal and mantle xenoliths and outcrops, and the Indian/ Tethyan oceanic geochemical domain.