甘肃境内石窟寺中壁画有害生物调查及防治对策

The principium investigation of the main harmful insect existing in grotto-temples along to Gansu and instance convention and cure measures

通过对甘肃境内12处石窟寺中112个典型洞窟有害生物调查结果表明,在石窟周边和洞窟中存在对壁画或塑像有害的生物:昆虫纲8目19科27种、鸟纲6种和哺乳纲啮齿目3种、翼手目蝙蝠类2种。经过调查的112个洞窟中,91.9%的洞窟内的壁画或塑像不同程度地受到这些生物的侵害,其中,昆虫类的种群密度较大,主要为鳞翅目。昆虫的分布与石窟周边的气候特征、环境条件、植被类型等密切相关。这些生物对石窟壁画的损坏主要表现在壁画表面活动时的机械损伤、尿液和粪便排泄物等造成的画面污染、筑巢和打洞等。应根据不同的生物及其活动规律和破坏形式而采取不同的防治对策。

Through the principium investigation of 112 caves which are belong to 12 sites of Buddhist Grotto-temple in Gansu province,the result of this study shows that there are 27 species of 19 families of 8 orders of insecta,6 species of the aves;3 species of the rodentia of mammalian and 2 species of the chiroptera bat live inside or outside of the caves.Among the scale of caves that have been investigated,91.9% murals and statues have been encroached by these animals in various degree,the main harmful one is the Lepidoptera of insects.The distribution of insects are closely related with the climate,environment and the vegetation.These biological damage will cause mechanical damnification when crawling on the surface of wall paintings,pollute the picture by urine and dejects,damage the picture when making nests and holes on wall paintings.We should take different prevention measures and cure measures to stop the damage according to different animals and their laws of activity and harmful life-forms.