南宋初期山水画生态环境之考察

An Exploration of the Ecological Environment of Landscape Painting of the Early Southern Song Dynasty

中国绘画史上许多重要风格的产生常常与其所处的政治、经济、文化环境的某些变化产生紧密联系,即艺术风格的转变不仅仅是其内心自律性的产物,更与具体的社会历史情境有关。南宋由政治巨变带来的社会动荡,在社会生活的方方面面均有反映。本文通过对宋室南渡后南宋社会生态环境的考察,了解南宋山水画赖以存在和发展的土壤,说明南宋山水画之清远雅洁、雅俗通融的特征与画家们的生存环境、相关赞助群体以及地域、文化变迁之间有着不可分割的密切关系。

Many significant styles in Chinese painting history were much influenced by the political, economic and cultural changes of their times, which indicates that an artistic style could change initiatively with the change of the artists＇ inner feelings, and it could also change unintentionally with the change of the social environment in a particular historical period. Social disturbances caused by political revolutions were reflected in many aspects of the social life at that time. Therefore, through researching into the ecological environment of the Southern Song Dynasty since the royal family moved to the South, this article is aimed at discovering the soil in which the Southern Song Dynasty landscape paintings came into being and thrived. At the same time, it also explains that those paintings＇ unique style-being noble and pure in emotions, story-telling and delicately combining sophisticated personal thinking and universal human feelings- was closely related to what kind of surroundings those artists were living in, who their sponsors were, where they did their creative works, and what cultural changes they were going through.