中国共产党对“盛衰周期率”的宪政探索

Vicissitudes Periodicity and the Constitutional Innovation of the Communist Party of China

如何跳出历史盛衰周期率的支配一直是中国共产党人执着追求、悉心探索的重大课题。从宪政的视角加以审视,以毛泽东为代表的党的第一代领导集体提出了民主新路;以邓小平为代表的党的第二代领导集体总结历史教训,提出民主要制度化、法律化,强调用制度监督与制约权力,并冲破"左"的人权观的束缚,开始注重人权建设;以江泽民为代表的党的第三代领导集体提出了依法治国方略与依法执政理念,全面发展民主,并突出强调党内民主与基层民主,坚持人权普遍性与特殊性的统一;以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央更深入地提出依宪治国、依宪执政、科学执政、民主执政,以人为本与构建和谐社会。中国共产党终于不仅提出跳出历史周期率的思路,而且在宪政上实现了创新。

The way out of the control of Vicissitudes Periodicity in Chinese history is always the important task for the Communist Party of China. Viewing from constitutional perspective, represented by Mao Zedong, the first generation of the communists posed ＂new way of democracy＂. Deng Xiaoping drew lessons and put forward that democracy must be carried out by institution and law. He emphasized that it is necessary to restrain and supervise power with institution, and break through the astriction of ＂left＂ human rights concept. Jiang Zemin raised the concept of rule by law and operating regimes by law, expanded democracy at the grass-roots level and insisted the unification of universality and peculiarity of human rights. Hu Jintao deeply advances the concept of rule by Constitution and operating regime by Constitution, the principle of people first and the idea of harmonious society. The Communist Party of China not only finds the right way out of the control of historical periodicity, but also makes innovations in constitutionality.