轶事与宏大叙事的对立与统一——《史记》和《名人传》轶事观念之比较

A Comparative Study of Anecdote Between Sima Qian and Plutarch

轶事观是司马迁和普鲁塔克传记方法论的重要组成部分。普鲁塔克将轶事作为刻画传主的性格和心理的主要手段,其趋向使轶事与宏大叙事对立起来;司马迁则在轶事作为揭示传主性格和心理手段的基础上,着意将轶事与宏大叙事在对立中又统一起来,表现出将传主的性格和心理同传主真实而丰富的人生历程、社会历史的进程相结合的趋向。对二者轶闻趣事观念的研究对于推动现代传记史学的发展具有重要借鉴意义。

Anecdotes are the very important parts of the biographical history of the Historical Records and Lives. Plutarch used the anecdotes to describe the characters and physiology of the main character, aiming at contradicting anecdote and grand narrative, while Sima Qian, setting anecodote as the method of showing character and physiology of the main character, contradicted and united them——indicating the trend of combing character, physiology rich life with the process of social history. So a study of their views about anecdotes is of great significance in promoting the development of the modern history.