糖尿病大鼠甲状腺组织超微结构的病理变化及胰岛素、氨基胍的干预作用

Pathological changes of diabetic rat thyroid ultrastructure and intervention effects of insulin and aminoguanidine

目的探讨糖尿病(DM)大鼠甲状腺组织超微结构的病理变化及胰岛素、氨基胍的干预作用。方法链脲佐菌素制备DM模型大鼠87只,随机分为DM组27只、胰岛素干预组32只、氨基胍干预组28只,成模12周、20周末杀检,取甲状腺组织行超微病理检查。另取25只正常Wistar大鼠作正常对照。结果DM大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞呈扁平状,微绒毛缺失,粗面内质网扩张呈不规则囊泡状,未见胞饮泡,偶见初级和次级溶酶体。滤泡腔扩大,腔内类胶质电子密度较高。间质水肿,微血管基底板阶段性增厚,可见蛋白样物质沉积,呈细颗粒状、云絮状或均质状。甲状腺滤泡旁细胞增多,胞质内含内分泌颗粒较少。胰岛素和氨基胍干预组甲状腺组织超微结构较DM组有不同程度的减轻。结论DM大鼠甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞呈功能低下的表现,滤泡腔间质有大量蛋白样物质沉积,甲状腺滤泡旁细胞增多可能与高血糖毒性的作用有关。胰岛素和氨基胍干预有一定的治疗作用。

Objective To investigate the thyroid uhrastructural pathological changes of diabetes metlitus （DM） rats as well as the intervention effects of insulin and aminoguanidine. Methods Totally 87 rats were treated with streptozotoein to establish DM animal models and divided into DM group （ n = 27 ）, insulin intervention group （ n = 32） and aminoguanidine intervention group（ n = 28）,25 rats were taken as normal controls. Twelve and 20 weeks after the animal model establishment, animals were sacrificed, thyroid tissue was taken and uhrastructure was observed. Results In the thyroid of DM rats, follicular epithelial cells present as applallate shape, microvilli were depleted, rough endoplasmic retieulum dilated to irregular vesicular. None pinocytotic vacuole and casual primal＇ or secondary lysosome were seen. Follicular cavity was dilated, colloid in the cavity had higher electronic-density. Interstitial edema, capillary, base lamian was thickened at different stage. Proteo-substance deposition with granulo-shape, cloud shape or homogeneity appeared. The number of thyroid parafollicular cells increased. But endocrine granule in parafollicular cells was few. When compared with DM group, the thyroid tissue injury of insulin intervention group and aminoguanidine intervention group were lessened to different degree. Conclusion The hypofunctional thyroid follicular cells, large quantity of proteo-substance deposition in the interstitinm and increased parafollieular eells of DM rats may be related with hyperglycemia toxicity. Insulin and aminoguanidiue treatment have some protection effects.