种子细胞在膀胱重建中的研究进展

Research progress in seeding cells for bladder reconstruction

膀胱组织工程包括三大要素,即细胞支架、种子细胞和讯息因子,而种子细胞在构建组织工程化器官中有着不可替代的作用,是构建组织器官的基本原材料,选择一种既有良好组织相容性又容易获得的种子细胞成为器官重建工作成败的关键所在。目前常用的种子细胞有膀胱移行上皮细胞、膀胱平滑肌细胞、膀胱移行上皮和平滑肌混合细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞,其中后两种细胞较其他细胞更有优势。种子细胞目前存在的问题:①已分化完全的成熟细胞的来源有限和免疫排斥。②已分化完全的成熟细胞在分化培养过程中只能进行有限的分裂传代,如果达到传代的极限,细胞将衰老并死亡;此外还存在去分化问题。③如何将膀胱移行上皮和平滑肌混合细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞培养成正常膀胱仍需进一步分析。

Bladder tissue engineering includes three components, namely cell scaffold, seeding cells and message factor. Seeding cells is essential to construct tissue engineering organs and is the native material of organ reconstruction. It is important to find a seeding cell which can not only provide excellent biocompatibility, but also can generate enough cells in work of organ reconstruction. At present, there are some commonly used seeding cells, for example, urinary bladder transitional epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells. Among the total, coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells are better than the others. The current problems of seeding cells are as follows：①The mature cells that have been completely differentiated are limited in source and immunological rejection.②The mature cells that have been completely differentiated during the differentiated only can generate in the limited passage culture procedure and they will age and die out of the passage maximum; in addition, the dedifferentiation also exists;③further analysis should focus on the coculture of smooth muscle cells and transitional epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells into normal bladder.