上海5岁儿童乳牙患龋状况及危险因素分析

Analysis of deciduous dental caries and high risk factors for 5-year-olds in Shanghai

目的了解上海5岁儿童龋病流行情况及易感因素。方法对上海市15所幼儿园1478名5岁幼儿进行口腔检查,对患龋高危儿童和无龋儿童家长进行问卷调查,应用χ2检验筛选出乳牙龋病易感者的相关因素,进行Logistic回归分析。结果①5岁儿童无龋率为33.58%,33.21%儿童dmft≥6,这部分龋高发儿童龋、失、补牙数之和占总龋、失、补牙数之和的75.53%,患龋状况呈明显的两极化分布。②睡前进食甜食、家长是否监督或帮助刷牙在两组儿童间有显著性差异(P<0.01);父母口腔健康知识态度、父母受教育程度、牛奶加糖、开始刷牙年龄、进食甜食频率亦有统计学差异(P<0.05);而是否早产、孕期患病、喂养方式、刷牙频率、是否使用含氟牙膏因素在两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。③Logistic回归分析结果显示,乳牙龋与父母口腔健康知识态度、睡前进食甜食、开始刷牙年龄、父母受教育程度、家长监督/帮助刷牙有关。结论加强对父母口腔健康知识的宣传、刷牙指导,限制糖的摄入及避免不当进糖方式对预防乳牙龋极为重要。

Objective To make an investigation of caries of 5-year-olds and conduct an analysis of high risk factors so as to provide information for early screen and making preventive steps. Methods 1478 children from 15 preschools in the districts of Xuhui and Hongkou were selected for clinical examination. Caries-active and caries-free children were selected to complete the questionnaire. Related caries-risk -factors screened by χ2 test were analyzed by logistic regression. Results ① The caries status of 5-year-old children showed obvious polar distribution.②There were significant differences among deciduous dental caries and having sweetmeat before sleep and whether parents supervised or helped to brush or not（P〈0.01）. Adding sugar in milk,the age of starting brushing and frequency of eating candy were also related with deciduous dental caries（P〈0.05）. But premature delivery or not,being ill in gestation or not,feeding mode,frequency of brushing and brushing with fluoride toothpaste or not had no statistic significances（P〉0.05）.③ Logistic regression results showed that deciduous dental caries related factors were oral health knowledge and attitude of parents,having sweetmeat before sleep,the age of starting brushing,education degree of parents and parents＇ supervising or helping brush or not. Conclusion To strengthen oral health knowledge,brushing guidance,limiting amount of eating sugar and avoidance of unfit sugar intake habit were very important for preventing deciduous dental caries.