环境法“生态人”人性预设之否定——基于西方法律人性预设演进的视角

Denial of Pre-set of Human Nature to "Ecological Person"——Based on Western Evolution of Pre-set of Legal Humanity

法律的人性预设的基本要求一是必须注意区分法律的人性预设与伦理道德的人性要求,二是必须基于对现实客观的人性标准的认识。作为法律的环境法的人性预设既应区分"环境法的人性预设"和"环境伦理的人性要求",又必须准确把握现实人的人性标准。以这样的基本要求为工具审视环境法理论界的"生态人"理论,就能看出学者们共同采用了"应然模式",没有注意区分"环境法的人性预设"与"环境伦理的人性要求",且普遍存在不忠实于现实人性,不符合环境法人性预设的基本要求。所以,现阶段不宜直接将"生态人"作为环境法的人性预设。

There are two basic requirements for legal pre-set of human nature： distinguishing between legal and moral principles of human pre-human nature demands; basing theory on truly understanding of objective standards of realistic human nature. The environment law, being of law system, ought to clarify ＂pre-set of human nature of environment law＂ from ＂human demands in environmental ethics＂ and accurately understands people＇s feelings of humanity in real life. In this case, it is obvious that the scholars who universally adopt ＂ideal mode＂ fail to distinguish between ＂pre-set of human nature in the environment law＂ and ＂human demands in environmental ethics＂, thus neglect realistic human nature. Therefore, the article holds that ＂ecological person＂ ought not to be taken as pre-set of human nature of environment law for the time being.