2[1]Gagliese L, Melzack R. Chronic pain in elderly people. Pain, 1997,70(1) :3 -14.
3[2]Crook J, Rideout E, Browne G. The prevalence of pain complaints in a general population. Pain, 1984,18(3) :299 -314.
4[3]AGS Panel on Chronic Pain in Older Persons: The management of chronic pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1998,46 (5) :635 -651.
5[4]Herr K, Mobily P. Complexities of pain assessment in the elderly:clinical considerations. J Gerontol Nurs, 1991, 17(4): 12 -19.
6[5]Flaherty E. Assessing pain in older adults. Try this: best practices in nursing care to older adults, 2000,1 (6). New York: Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, New York University Division of Nursing.
7[6]Herr K. Chronic pain: challenges and assessment strategies. J Gernntol Nurs, 2002, 28(1): 20-27.
8[7]Ferrell BA, Ferrell BR, Rivera L. Pain in cognitively impaired nursing home patients. J Pain Symptom Manage, 1995, 15 (10): 591 -598.
9[8]Pasero CL, McCaffery M. Overcoming obstacles to pain assessment in elders. Am J Nurs, 1997, 97(9): 20.
10[9]Herr KA, Garand L. Assessment and measurement of pain in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med, 2001, 17(3): 457 -478.