矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术发展现状

Development Status of Backfilling Technology Using Raw Waste in Coal Mining

总结了矸石直接充填采煤的技术框架,系统地介绍了综采矸石充填技术、普采矸石充填技术和掘巷充填技术的充填开采系统布置、关键设备及充填开采工艺;研发了矸石直接充填采煤技术中矸石自地表向井下运输的大垂深投料系统,并对其进行了优化设计;以综采矸石充填技术为例,分析矸石直接充填开采矿压规律的等价采高模型,得到了充填综采采场所需支护强度,以及充填综采与传统综采支护强度修正系数η,并对充填开采后的地表沉陷进行了预计和实测分析,得出了充填开采较传统综采采场矿压显现减弱、地表变形等级仅为轻微的结论;从实现煤炭资源绿色开采应重视的基础科学研究、重点技术攻关等方面对今后矸石(固体废物)直接充填采煤技术相关研究进行了展望.

In this paper,technological system for coal mining with raw waste backfilling technology is summarized;system layout,key equipments and backfilling technics of coal minning with raw waste in fully-mechanized coal mining,conventionally-mechanized coal mining technology and waste backfilling with driving are presented.In addition,the deep feed-drill system carrying the waste from surface to underground is invented and optimized for this purpose.Taking coal minning with raw waste in fully-mechanized coal mining as an example,we build an equivalent mining thickness model to analyze rock pressure behavior under the condition of coal minning with waste backfilling technology so as to obtain the supporting intensity of stope and the correction factor η between the raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal mining technology and the conventional one.The calculation and on-the-spot survey results show that the pressure behavior and surface deformation decrease to a certain extent.Finally,we hold that more attention should be paid to achieve the coal mining with raw waste backfilling technology,such as the basic research,the key technology.