广西特色花生种质资源性状观察与品质特性分析

Agronomic traits and quality characteristic analysis of special peanut germplasm resources in Guangxi

2008年在广西各地(市)、县收集了100份特色花生品种种质资源,进行主要农艺性状观察及蛋白质、钙、铁、锌含量测定研究。结果表明,广西特色花生品种生育期在115～120d,出苗率91%～97%,长势、抗倒性和抗旱性大多数品种表现中等;株高32.8～70.0cm,侧枝长40.0～80.0cm以上,总分枝7～16条,结果枝5～10条;百果重140.0～170.0g以上,百仁重50～60g的占绝大部分,其中界首花生1、潮田花生1百仁重在所有观测的品种中最高,饱果数及出仁率较好的品种为博白红花生;蛋白质含量较高的有象州花生、平政花生、潮田花生、新田花生、白马花生等,其含量在33.00%～33.60%之间;钙和锌含量最高的花生品种均为桂花红166,其含量分别为771.0mg/kg和50.4mg/kg,铁含量最高的花生品种是桂花红95,为27.4mg/kg。

One hundred special peanut germplasm materials,collected from several cities（counties） in Guangxi,were planted in 2008 in field conditions to study the agronomic,economic characters and biological characteristics.The seeds of 33 special peanut varieties were randomly selected to determine the content of crude protein,and the seeds of 5 character-istic peanut varieties were selected to determine the content of main mineral elements（Ca,Fe,Zn）.The results showed that the growth and development period of special peanut varieties lasts for 115-120 days,the seed germination rate reached 91%-97%,and the growth vigour,lodging resistance and drought resistance of the most varieties were moderately good.The plant height ranged from 32.8-70.0cm,the length of branch was 40.0-80.0cm,the total branch number ranged from 7 to 16,and bearing branch number ranged from 5 to 10.The 100-pod weight ranged from 140.0-170.0g,the 100-seed weight of the most varieties was in between 50-60g.Variety Jieshou 1 and Chaotian performed better than the other varieties.The filled pod and kernel percent of Bobaihong was much better.The contents of protein,Fe,Ca and Zn in peanut ranged from 31.5%-33.6%,20.3-27.4mg / kg,420-771mg / kg,and 30.8-50.4mg / kg,respectively.Significant genotypic variations in the contents of protein,Fe,Zn and Ca in peanut have been observed,and the protein content of Xiangzhou,Pingzheng,Chaotian,Xintian,Baima were much higher and ranged from 33.00%-33.60%.Ca and Zn content of Guihuahong were the highest with 771.0mg / kg and 50.4mg / kg,respectively,while the Fe content of Guihua 95 was found to be the highest with 27.4mg / kg.These materials provided better genetic resources for the development of peanut varieties with high productivity and quality.