珠江口东南部海域大型底栖生物群落特征研究

Characters of macrobenthic community in southeast sea of the Pearl River Estuary

根据2006年的3月和7月在珠江口东南部海域进行的大型底栖生物调查,初步鉴定出大型底栖生物共156种,其中多毛类种类最多(79种),其次是甲壳动物(37种)。7月(116种)比3月(92种)种类多。3月大型底栖生物平均生物量和平均密度分别为6.703g/m2和679.4ind/m2,7月分别为22.436g/m2和576.3ind/m2。大型底栖生物种类数、生物量、密度和多样性指数(H’和J’)在调查海区东南部相对较低。采用Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维排序尺度(MDS)分析了3月和7月大型底栖生物群落的相似性,认为相同季节各站大型底栖生物相似性系数较高,大型底栖生物群落季节性差异相对较大。大型底栖生物群落在40%相似性以上,3月和7月分别可以划分出2个和3个生物群落。3月大型底栖生物群落Ⅱ和7月群落Ⅰ受到中等程度的扰动,其它生物群落处于轻微扰动状态。大型底栖生物种类数、密度、种类均匀度和种类丰富度与水深和沉积物特征相关性显著。

Macrobenthos was investigated in southeast sea of the Pearl River Estuary in March and July 2006. A total of 156 species of macrobenthos were identified in the two cruises （92 species in March, 116 species in July）, including Polychaeta, crustacean, mollusk, Echinodermata, fish, nemertean, sipuncula and echiura, among which species quantities of Polychaeta was the most. The average biomass and density are 6.703 g/m^2 and 679.4 ind/m^2 in March, and 22.436 g/m^2 and 576.3 ind/m^2 in July respectively. Cluster analysis and multi-dimentional scaling （MDS） analysis indicated that the similarity coefficient of macrobenthic communities was higher in the same season. In more than 40% similarity, macrobenthic communities were divided into two communities in March, and three communities in July. ABC （Abundance/biomass comparison） indicated that Macrobenthic community II had been affected by pollution or other human activities in March. Macrobenthic community I had been affected by pollution or other human activities in July. Species quantity, density, J＇ and D are significantly correlated with water depth and sediment characters.