外来种互花米草对中国海滨湿地生态系统的影响评价及对策

Evaluation of the influences of foreign Spartina alterniflora on ecosystem of Chinese coastal wetland and its countermeasures

互花米草是出于保滩护岸的目的被引入中国的,现在已经成为中国滨海湿地重要的植被,对原有的湿地生态系统产生了重要影响。结合目前的资料和研究成果,介绍了互花米草的基本特征和在中国的引种扩散过程;从生物学条件、自然因素、人为因素等角度分析其在中国的扩散原因;探讨互花米草在中国滨海湿地的生态功能,评价其对滨海湿地环境、生物多样性、生态系统总体等方面的影响;综诉当前控制措施的研究进展并总结了相应的对策。提出对互花米草生态功能的评价要因时因地进行,关于其生态效益、控制措施和综合利用等方面的研究需进一步深入。

Spartina alterniflora was introduced to China to protect the coastal areas. It has now become an important coastal wetland vegetation, and also made a major impact on the original wetland ecosystem. From current information and research results, we introduced the basic characteristics of Spartina alterniflora and diffusion process in China; analyzed its reasons of spreading by the biological conditions, natural factors and human factors; explored the functions ofSpartina alterniflora in China＇s coastal wetland ecosystem; assessed their impact on coastal wetland environment, biodiversity, ecosystems and other aspects of the overall impact; integrated control measures against the current research and summarized the corresponding countermeasures. The paper proposed to evaluate the ecological functions of Spartina alterniflora according to specific time and site. Further in-depth research on its eco-efficiency, control and comprehensive utilization is need.