国际商事仲裁一裁终局的相对性

Relativities of finality of arbitral award of international commercial arbitration

鉴于国内学术界普遍视一裁终局为国际商事仲裁的主要优点并将其绝对化,《中华人民共和国仲裁法》第9条规定仲裁实行绝对的一裁终局制度,运用比较分析法考察世界上主要国家和地区的国际商事仲裁立法及国际商事仲裁机构的仲裁规则。分析认为,当争议标的额较大而裁决又有错误时,以效率为价值取向的一裁终局制度会给当事人带来难以承受的损失;世界上许多国家和地区的仲裁立法以及一些国际仲裁机构的仲裁规则都在规定仲裁裁决终局性的同时,允许当事人作出相反的约定和安排。分析结果表明,《中华人民共和国仲裁法》应当在涉外商事仲裁中摈弃绝对的一裁终局制度。

In Chinese academic circle, finality of awards is commonly and absolutely reputed as the most virtue and fundamental principle of international commercial arbitration, and The Arbitration Act of China stipulate that finality of arbitral award be absolutely observed in arbitration. Through analysis, this paper holds that when the stake of dispute is huge and the award is erroneous, the efficiency-oriented regime of finality of arbitral award may cause unendurable losses for the parties the legislation on arbitration in many countries and areas in the world and the arbitration rules of some international arbitration institutions allow the parties to make otherwise agreements and arrangements while stipulating finality of arbitral awards. This paper suggests that The Arbitration Act in China should abolish the absolute regime of finality of arbitral awards.