蚌埠市高砷水源筛查及地方性砷中毒病情分析

Screening of high arsenic water resourees and prevalence analysis of endemic arsenic poisoning cases in Bengbu City

目的调查蚌埠市高砷水源的分布和地方性砷中毒患病情况,为改水和砷中毒防治提供依据。方法在2003年和2005年调查的基础上,对已知高砷区的周边和蚌埠市淮河沿岸的行政村进行水源筛查和病情调查。在被调查自然村的东、西、南、北、中5个不同方位,按被调查村的总水源数的10%的进行采样。对饮水砷含量较高(超过0.15mg/L)的村进行居民病情普查。结果在调查的400份水样中,65份水样砷超标,最高达0.62mg/L,平均水砷0.14 mg/L,超标水井的平均井深24.69m;病情调查共调查2 411人,发现157例地方性砷中毒病例,患病率为6.51%,男女之间无差异(χ2=1.02,P>0.05),随着年龄增加,患病率增高(χ2=190.84,P<0.01)。结论蚌埠市沿淮河两岸存在地方性砷中毒病区,形成原因还有待进一步研究;对于水砷超标严重、患病率高的村庄应尽快实施改水;对于水砷超标和患病率没有出现正相关关系这一现象,应做进一步研究分析。

Objective in order to further ascertain the distribution of high-arsenic water and the prevalence of endemic arsenic poisoning case and provide a basis for disease prevention.Methods Based 2003 and 2005 surveys,disease screening and investigation were conducted in villages surrounding areas of high arsenic and along the Huaihe River.Five different directions i,e.east,west,south,north,center in the villages were selected for the survey.10% water sources were investigated.Residents in the villages with a high level of arsenic in drinking water（more than 0.15mg / L） were all investigated.Results in the 400 water samples,65 water samples exceeded arsenic standard,the highest concentration was up to 0.62mg / L.The average water arsenic was 0.14 mg / L.Average depth of the wells was 24.69 meters.a total of 2411 people were investigated and 157 endemic arsenic poisoning cases were founded.Attack rate was 6.51%.No difference was founded between men and women（χ^2= 1.02,P〉 0.05）.Attack rate increased with age（χ^2= 190.84,P〈0.01）.Conclusion High arsenic areas existed along the Huaihe River areas,the causes should be further studied.Water improvement should be implemented as soon as possible in high arsenic and high-prevalence villages.Further research and analysis should be done to clarify the relationship between water and prevalence of arsenic poisoning