王船山的贲卦阐释及其文饰礼政思想

WANG Chuan-shan's Interpretation of Hexagram Bi and His Views on Decorum and Governance

船山数论孔子筮得贲之惧,从其卦象、卦辞、卦德的分析中阐述了文饰之别,提出了"及情者文,不及情者饰"和"礼者文也,政者饰也"的思想,据此对老子"礼者,忠信之薄而乱之首"的论说做出了有力而激烈的批评,对圣人用贲之道和治世之则做出了正面阐释,其义有二:一是要根据天文和人文来化成天下,二是要用"文"的方式来处理人情物事,二者交相互动,对指导生活与治理社会仍有借鉴意义。

Chuan-shan discussed several times about Confucius＇worrying when he encountered hexagram Bi （ Adornment, 22 ） in divi- nation. By the image, statements and attribute of the hexagram, Chuan-shan explicated the differences between cultivation and adornment, setting forth ＂that which is closely related to heart/mind is called cultivation, and that which does not touch heart/mind is called adornment （of feelings）＂ and that ＂decorum corresponds to cultivation and governance to adornment＂. Basing on this vision, he forcefully and drastically critiqued Lao zi＇s assertion that rituals are nothing but the degradation of piety and sincerity and the head of chaos. He positively sheds light on the sage＇s Dao （Way） in using the spirit of hexagram Bi （Adornment） as rules for governance in two aspects ： on one hand, man should transform the world under heaven according to the Dao of heaven and that of humanity ; on the other hand, man should deal with human affairs by cultivation. These two aspects are reciprocal, which is still referential to daily life conducts and social governance.