日美半导体产业竞争中的国家干预——以战略性贸易政策为视角的分析

National Intervention in the Competing Japanese and American Semiconductor Industry:Analysis from the Angle of Strategic Trade Policy

半导体产业作为高技术产业,具有明显的学习效应、外部经济和规模报酬递增效应,其良好的发展对一国的经济增长有着不可估量的潜在贡献。半导体产业的战略特征决定了其市场结构是寡头垄断的,并且仅靠市场机制来解决半导体产业发展过程中的问题是远远不够的,因此一国政府应用战略性贸易政策进行干预的动机大大加强了。作为经济大国,美日政府在半导体产业的发展中扮演着重要的角色,通过公共采购、进口关税、R&D补贴、专利保护等方式扶持本国半导体产业,从而在一定程度上替代了企业,成为国际竞争的主体。

Semiconductor is a high -tech industry featured with typical learning effect, external economy and increasing return, whose development is crucial to the growth of national economy. The strategic characteristics of semiconductor industry make it an oligopolistic market, where market failure requires the government to intervene by adopting strategic trade policy. Both Japan and the U.S. are big countries and have been playing a crucial role in the development of the national semiconductor industry. The government supports range from public purchase to import tariff, R＆D subsidy, and patent protection, etc. As a result, the Japanese and the U.S. government have at least partially replaced the private companies to compete internationally.