摘要
专向性标准是美国反补贴法中的一项重要制度,起到筛选反补贴对象的过滤器作用,也是其对WTO《补贴与反补贴协定》最大的贡献之一。该标准经历从法律专向性到法律专向性和事实专向性相结合的双重认定标准阶段。虽然美国反补贴法对法律专向性、法律专向性的例外和事实专向性标准都明确规定了认定标准或条件,但由于一些关键术语缺乏明确定义,调查机关在适用上还是具有非常大的自由裁量权和随意性。
The specificity test is one important system in the U.S＇s countervailing duty law, and works as the sieve of choosing the subjects of countervailing duty investigations. It is one of the most important distributions of the U.S＇s countervailing duty law to the WTO＇s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Duty Measures. The specificity test has evolved from the de Jure specificity standard to the de jure and de facto specificity strand. Although the U.S＇s countervailing duty law make some provisions on the conditions of the test, the investigation still has many discretion resulting from the unclear definitions of the key concepts of the law.
